Wednesday, July 8, 2009

Intel Launches Quad-core Products for Servers

To provide energy efficient performance, coupled with enhanced virtualization capabilities, Intel India has unveiled quad-core processors, which are specifically designed for Multi-Processor (MP) servers.
The 6 Quad-core Xeon 7300 series processors can deliver more performance per watt over the company's previous generation dual-core products. Commenting on the new launch, R. Ravindran, director (sales) of Intel South Asia said, "With the Xeon 7300 series, Intel is delivering new levels of performance and performance per watt, and driving the Intel Core microarchitecture into such innovative systems as 4 socket, 16 core blades that use less energy than our older models." For channel customers looking for complete platforms based on these new processors, Intel offers the Intel S7000FC4UR server platform. Many software vendors are also supporting Xeon 7300, which include BEA, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, and VMware. The 7300 series and Intel 7300 chipset offer up to four times the memory capacity of Intel's previous MP platforms. With the introduction of the Xeon 7300, users can pool their Intel Core microarchitecture based server resources, whether they are single-, dual- , or multi-processor based, into a server infrastructure that can improve usage models like failover, load balancing, disaster recovery, or server maintenance. More than 50 system manufacturers, including HCL, Wipro, Dell, Egenera, Fujitsu, Fujitsu-Siemens, Hitachi, HP, IBM, NEC, Sun, Supermicro, and Unisys, will announce the Xeon 7300 series processors. Depending on the speeds, features, and amount ordered the pricing of these new quad-core processors ranges from USD 856 to USD 2,301 in quantities of 1,000.

Intel Core 2 Extreme QX6700 (Kentsfield Quad Core)

Core 2 Duo has been one of the most important launches for Intel in quite some time, really taking back the Desktop market by storm. Yet, even when I was in Germany at a pre-launch briefing of Conroe/Core 2 Duo, Intel suggested that quad core wasn't far off either. In fact, the computer being used for the PowerPoint presentation, was in fact Kentsfield – Intel's code name for its quad core processor. Not particuarly good use of resources, but an excellent demonstration of the state of play.
November has come around, and true to Intel's word, quad-core is here. It seems like only yesterday we were marvelling at the first dual-core solutions, so to have a “quad-core” processor in front of me, seems almost surreal. However, in actuality, this isn't as much of a technological feat as you might think. Eighty cores, as demonstrated at IDF.
Intel has basically taken two Core 2 Duo dies and just put them in to one package. I think Intel realises that this is cheating a little and that's why the product name is Core 2 Extreme QX6700, which apart from the subtle “Q”, doesn't mention quad anywhere in the name. This is an Extreme Edition processor, so is naturally expensive, initially priced at $999. This isn't far off the current price of an Core 2 Extreme X6800 (£643), so in comparison, it's pretty good value.
Technically speaking, the fact the cores are in the same package is irrelevant. In order for data to be communicated between the two dies, the data needs to go through the North Bridge, via the Front Side Bus. Essentially, it means the performance will be identical to having two separate processors in two separate sockets.
Intel's approach does have its benefits though. For one, by having all four cores in the same package, there is only one heatsink. Any boards that currently support Core 2 Duo, will support Kentsfield as well. In saying that, we had to update the BIOS on our Gigabyte 965P motherboard, in order to get it to boot. It also makes designing a decent motherboard a lot easier and means we can expect to see quad-core hitting the MicroATX platform

Intel Core 2 Duo Mobile Processor Review - T7600

A month ago we showed you exclusive testing results (here) of the new Intel Core 2 Duo T7400 “Merom� CPU . While those initial results showed good improvements in floating point operation, a quick test revealed that battery life (here) showed that our testing platform was still not ready for prime time as the T7400 should have battery performance by design.
The Core 2 Duo T7600 we are looking at today is a production sample (read: very likely the same quality and performance you will get at a retailer) clocked at 2.33 GHz, slightly faster than the 2.16 GHz on the T7400 sample we tested a month ago. And what a difference a month makes! Intel has made the improvements where it counts -- lower power consumption which translates into better battery life!
Intel has done it! While in our early look at the T7400 showed rather poor battery performance the T7600 we have tested today, which is heading into production, has made drastic improvements. We can now say without a doubt that Intel's latest mobile CPU has nailed the holy grail in mobile computing - it performs faster, consumes less power, and generates less heat. What else is there to say besides that?
Now with power and heat issues all sorted out, there's no reason why you shouldn't consider the Core 2 Duo in your next laptop. With price points as low as $209 for the T5500 up to the T7600 at $637, there’s a Core 2 Duo mobile CPU to suit all budgets and designs. It really looks like Intel has another hit CPU on their hands and with all the design innovations from laptop vendors, it's hard not to be a little excited when looking forward. It's definitely a good time to be looking into a notebook computer and Intel has given us many reasons to with their Core 2 Duo CPUs!
So in the end, we're giving this CPU an Editor's Choice Award. The latest Core 2 Duo mobile CPU is cooler, faster, and runs longer than the older Core Duo. Not only that, it has technology improvements under the hood like a larger level 2 cache (4MB) and 64-bit extensions to support 64-bit OSes like the upcoming Windows Vista. If you've had reservations before about getting a laptop, the Core 2 Duo should have you convinced. Intel's track record in this arena is strong, and their latest CPU just solidifies their lead.

Tuesday, July 7, 2009

Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 3.0GHz - Wolfdale Arrives

Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 3.0GHz - Wolfdale ArrivesIn the summer of 2006, Intel released their 65nm Conroe-based processors, and to say they won the hearts of many would be an understatement. It was one product-launch that Intel didn't want to hit lightly, especially since AMD were actively taking from their customer base - on the enthusiast side, most notably. When said and done, Intel did accomplish what they planned to do. They put the industry through a blender and showed us how to be excited about processors again.Although frequencies with Conroe were not as high as what we were used to seeing from Intel, the folks in Santa Clara proved that a high frequency didn't mean much if the processor itself was inefficient. Indeed, a 2.4GHz Conroe Dual-Core proved just how much better an efficient processor could be, and it quickly became the most common processor choice for the enthusiast.The following summer, follow-up processors were released, including the E6750 Dual-Core which we evaluated at the time. Besides speed bumps, those processors didn't bring much to the table in way of new features, except for native 1333FSB support. Instead, the processor we are taking a look at today is one of the few new models that effectively replace the Conroe-based chips that we came to love so dearly in summer of '06.I won't delve deep into how 45nm improves on 65nm, as I explained all of that in our QX9650 review, but I will touch on things briefly. One large benefit that comes with all die shrinks is better power efficiency and lower temperatures. Chips have the capability to run just as fast, if not faster, than their predecessors, all while running cooler and drawing less power. It's a win/win situation.But with 45nm, Intel introduced more than just a die shrink. The biggest feature that most people will be interested in is the SSE4 instruction set. It affects media-buffs only - those who encode videos - but the performance gains are so evident, that developers of such applications are bound to begin supporting it sooner than later. The speed increases could be as large as 2x, even though it's difficult to believe.Other improvements include increased L2 cache, half-multipliers (eg, 9.5x), a faster front-side-bus, improved Super Shuffle Engine, Smart Cache (to improve how split loads are accessed and stored) and so many transistors on a single die, it can give people headaches to think about it!The obvious downside of the QX9650 launch in November was the fact that no other processors complimented it. Therefore, it was QX9650 or bust - until now that is. During CES earlier this month, Intel officially announced their 45nm launch plans, which include the desktop side, server and also mobile. We found out at that time that the Quad-Core models (Q9300 - Q9550) were pushed back to sometime in Q1. Although a solid date was never settled on, original road maps showed January as the scheduled launch. However, the rumor is that due to poor performing Phenom Quad-Core sales, Intel decided to hold off on the launch to help push remaining 65nm models to consumers first.So how does the road map stand now that some time has past? Although Intel announced near-immediate availability of all 45nm desktop Dual-Cores at CES, only the E8400 has shown up on e-tailers. One popular e-tailer has the other models listed for availability in April. How true that is, I'm unsure, but it's strange given the fact that they were supposed to be available by now.Processor NameCoresClockCacheFSBTDP1Ku PriceAvailableIntel Core 2 Extreme QX977543.20GHz2 x 6MB1600MHz150W$1,499Q1 2008Intel Core 2 Extreme QX977043.20GHz2 x 6MB1600MHz136W$1,399Q1 2008Intel Core 2 Extreme QX965043.0GHz2 x 6MB1333MHz130W$999NowIntel Core 2 Quad Q955042.86GHz2 x 6MB1333MHz95W$530Q1 2008Intel Core 2 Quad Q945042.66GHz2 x 6MB1333MHz95W$316Q1 2008Intel Core 2 Quad Q930042.5GHz2 x 3MB1333MHz95W$266Q1 2008Intel Core 2 Duo E850023.16GHz6MB1333MHz65W$266Jan 2008Intel Core 2 Duo E840023.00GHz6MB1333MHz65W$183NowIntel Core 2 Duo E820022.66GHz6MB1333MHz65W$163Jan 2008Intel Core 2 Duo E819022.66GHz6MB1333MHz65W$163Jan 2008The biggest downside to the road map is that the Q9xxx are not available. Once they are, they are no doubt going to sell like hotcakes, given the improvements over the previous generation and the fact that the prices do not increase. The upside, though, is that even though the E8400 is the lone desktop Dual-Core to be available right now, we can be happy that it is the model most people would be after.What makes the E8400 such a great choice is the fact that it's affordable, at $220USD on average, and has a nice clock speed. Let's face it... where overclocking is not concerned, having a 3.0GHz CPU looks better to the ego than say, 2.66GHz. It's all about the smooth frequencies, baby.

Reality Check - Windows XP Mode and Intel's chips

So, there have been quite a few stories recently about support for Windows 7’s new ‘Windows XP Mode’.

‘Windows XP Mode’ is a feature that will be available with some versions of Windows 7. The short version is this: it will let you run a copy of Windows XP SP3 on your Windows 7 PC or notebook within a virtual partition using hardware virtualisation. ‘Windows XP Mode’ will however have some cool bells and whistles including great integration into Windows 7 (copy and paste will work etc…). This is another very cool use of our VT technology.

Intel introduced its Virtualization Technology in 2005 and has shipped over 100 Million chips with the feature. Windows XP Mode is targeted for business customers. It is available on the mid to higher end versions of Windows 7 and is supported in hardware by many Intel processors. Intel vPro technology PCs are required to have an Intel VT capable CPU and Intel VT capable BIOS. They are the best platforms for testing and deploying Microsoft Windows Virtual PC and Windows XP Mode.

However, there have been a lot of articles berating the fact that consumers with Intel processors without VT will ‘lose out’ on the Windows XP Mode, or that it ‘won’t work’.

Cnet for example mentions that there are at least 30 versions of consumer laptops using the VT’less T6400 version of the Core 2 Duo processor.

Here is an example of such a notebook: It comes with Windows Vista Home premium. (As do most of them)

Here is the list of Windows 7 versions that will ship according to ZDnet: Home Premium is a middle sku.

Windows 7 Starter Edition (for emerging market and netbook users)
Windows 7 Home Basic (for emerging market customers only)
Windows 7 Home Premium (the main “Media Center” equivalent)
Windows 7 Professional (the business SKU for home users and non-enterprise licensees)
Windows 7 Enterprise (for volume licensees)
Windows 7 Ultimate (for consumers who want/need business features)
And finally according to TheRegister.co.uk: The Windows XP Mode will only come with Windows 7 Professional and up.

So not having VT on these consumer laptops is not going to be an issue - because the consumer versions of Windows 7 (Starter, Home Basic, and Home Premium) do not include Windows XP Mode.

Intel Atom Processor For nettops

Internet within reach :-

If you’re a prolific emailer, avid Web surfer or dedicated VoIP user, you may want a computer focused on getting you online. The Intel Atom processor was specifically designed for simple, compact desktop devices or nettops that deliver affordable Internet experiences, making it a great choice for people who primarily want to engage in basic online activities.voice for people who primarily want to engage in basic online activities

Designed for the Internet:-

Bring a world of Internet content and information into your home. Intel Atom processors are specially designed for compact Internet-focused desktop devices called nettops, so you can send emails or instant messages, talk to friends over VoIP or have the entire Web easily at your fingertips.

Everything you want, nothing you don’t:-

Nettops powered by the Intel Atom processor are great for letting your family learn and explore on the Web or as a secondary machine devoted to the basic things you do online.

Intel® RAID Controller SASWT4I

The economical Intel® RAID Controller SASWT4I offers exceptional entry-level hardware SAS/SATA RAID and non-RAID data off-load for server systems and workstations. This RAID controller allows for point-to-point connections with a SAS universal interconnect interface allowing for 1.5 and 3 Gb/s SATA hard disk drives along with logical SCSI compatibility for the extra reliability and manageability that SAS drives provide.

The SASWT4I leverages the LSI SAS1064E ASIC’s advanced LSI Fusion-MPT* architecture to provide entry-level hardware RAID. While other SAS controllers drive large RAID software stacks between the host CPU and controller, this RAID controller utilizes the embedded CPU in the LSI SAS1064E ASIC to perform integrated RAID 0, 1, and 1E/10E operations. By avoiding the PCI bus traffic and reducing RAID code overhead, the SASWT4I delivers world-class READ/WRITE operations.

ADVANTAGES:-

1.Cost effective data protection Provides a low-cost RAID 0, 1, and 1E/10E solution for entry-level server and workstation environments where high-performance and reliable data protection are required.

2.Connect SAS or SATA devices within the array. Use SAS drives for speed, reliability and scalability; use high-capacity SATA drives for budget-friendly storage.

3.Supports up to 122 physical devices in SAS mode which is ideal for employing JBODs (Just a Bunch Of Disks) or up to 14 devices in RAID 0, 1, 1E/10E mode through direct connect device attachment or through expander backplane support.

4.LSI Fusion-MPT architecture provides over 140,000 I/Os per second while communicating over the PCI Express* 4-lane Host Bus.

5.Includes a suite of tools that are common across all Intel® SAS/SATA RAID solutions, for easy installation and advanced management.

Intel Atom Processor For Mobile Internet Devices

Unleash the best Internet experiences on your Mobile Internet Device when you’ve got:

No need to settle for less from your wireless handheld computer when you've got:

Blazing performance for stunning video streaming/playback
Amazing battery life
Integrated wireless to connect when and where you want

All in the palm of your hand:-

Groundbreaking silicon design and new hafnium-based micro-circuitry enables blazing-fast performance and amazing video streaming/playback in small wireless handheld devices, making it easy to take an amazing Internet experience along with you – on a device that can fit in your pocket.

Breathtaking graphics:-

Forget what you think you know about handheld computers. With the Intel Atom processor, you’ll see beautiful graphics and stunning video that blows away typical Internet devices. There’s no need to settle for anything less than a full Internet experience.

Long battery life keeps you entertained and productive:-

Power-efficient design enables extended battery life so you can keep on surfing, blogging, listening to music, watching video and communicating with the world as you move through your day.

Reliable built-in wireless:-

Maximize your Internet device’s potential by staying connected whether you’re watching a movie at home, emailing from a cafe or chatting on a social networking site while on vacation. Devices with optional GPS functionality let you access location-specific information so you can meet up with your friends and track down reviews of nearby restaurants.

Monday, July 6, 2009

Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processors

Based on Intel® architecture, the Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor product line is the first in a series of breakthrough system on-a-chip (SOC) processors, delivering excellent performance-per-watt for small form factor designs.

This fully compatible product line (Intel EP80579 Integrated Processor and Intel® EP80579 Integrated Processor with Intel® QuickAssist Technology) provides an outstanding combination of performance, power efficiency, footprint savings and cost-effectiveness compared to discrete, multi-chip solutions.

These integrated processors are ideal for small-to-medium business (SMB) and enterprise security and communications appliances (including VPN/firewall and unified threat management), transaction terminals, interactive clients, print and imaging applications, wireless and WiMax access applications, SMB and home network attached storage, converged IP PBX solutions, converged access platforms, IP media servers, VoIP gateways and industrial automation applications.

These SOCs include an Intel architecture complex based on the Intel® Pentium® M processor, integrated memory controller hub, integrated I/O controller hub, and flexible integrated I/O support with three Ethernet MACs, two Controller Area Network interfaces and a local expansion bus interface.

The Intel EP80579 Integrated Processor with Intel QuickAssist Technology also includes High Speed Serial¹ ports for TDM or analog voice connectivity, security accelerators for bulk encryption, hashing and public/private key generation, and data path acceleration. The integrated accelerators support Intel QuickAssist Technology through software packages provided by Intel.

Intel provides the following software packages for embedded, security and IP telephony designs:

Intel® EP80579 Software Drivers for Embedded Applications contains all software drivers needed to utilize the hardware features on the integrated processor.
Intel EP80579 Software for Security Applications on Intel QuickAssist Technology builds upon the software drivers for embedded and enables acceleration of cryptographic and packet processing for a wide variety of applications.
Intel EP80579 Software for IP Telephony Applications on Intel QuickAssist Technology builds upon the software for security applications by adding features important for converged IP PBX solutions, converged access platforms, IP media servers and VoIP gateways.

Mobile AMD Sempron Processor

The Mobile AMD Sempron processor redefines everyday computing for notebook PC users.

Mobile AMD Sempron Processor Overview:-

Specifically developed to meet the evolving day-to-day needs of home and business PC users.
Basic computing is no longer just about email, Web browsing or word processing. Now you can download and play music, or send pictures to family and friends.
Helps you to make things happen whether at home, in the office or on the go.
Choose from the Mobile AMD Sempron processor that features lower power requirements to enable thin and light designs or from the Mobile AMD Sempron processor for full size mobile computing that delivers best-in-class performance.

Best-in-class Performance:-

Top of its class when running the home and business applications you use most and is designed to run over 60,000 of the world’s most popular software applications.
The only mobile processor in its class to feature advanced power-saving technology from AMD, extending battery life without compromising performance.
Compatible with Windows XP Professional, Windows XP Home Edition and also compatible with Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000 as well as Linux and other PC operating systems.

Full-Featured to Improve your Computing Experience :-

Guard your system with Enhanced Virus Protection.
Enjoy a dynamic internet experience with smooth streaming video, realistic photos and rich sound.
Bring to life your favorite digital entertainment like games and DVDs, even rip and burn CDs while at the same time working with digital media, video and image files.

Mobility to Meet your Lifestyle :-

Offers compatibility with today’s most popular wireless solutions; allowing you to access your e-mail or the internet from almost anywhere.
Features AMD PowerNow! technology for extended battery life and performance on demand.
Designed to deliver optimized performance in almost any laptop design, including today’s new thin and light notebooks.

Reliability from an Industry Leader :-

AMD is an industry leader that is dedicated to the real-world needs of our customers; enabling you to get the job done at work or at play.
AMD continues to partner with the strongest and most reliable players in the industry, including Microsoft, Sun, IBM, HP and many other innovative technology leaders.
AMD has long been recognized by many of the industry’s top publications, organizations and high-tech experts as an innovative leader.

Mobile AMD Sempron Model Numbers :-

Mobile AMD Sempron processors are identified by a 4 digit model number.
AMD Sempron model numbers, based on a wide range of popular industry-standard benchmarks, are a simple, accurate representation of relative AMD Sempron processor performance. The higher the model number, the better the overall software performance on the processor.
The "+" at the end of each model number indicates the added performance benefits delivered by AMD's innovative processor designs.
For the latest performance benchmarks and detailed technical documentation of the Mobile AMD Sempron processor, please visit Benchmarks and Technical Documentation at www.amd.com.

The Mobile AMD Sempron processor offers best-in-class computing for notebook PCs. Technologies in the Mobile AMD Sempron processor include:

Enhanced Virus Protection :-

Guard your system with Enhanced Virus Protection.
Prevent the spread of certain malicious viruses, which are transported via e-mail and instant messaging applications
Surf the Internet with confidence, knowing you have an extra level of protection against certain harmful web downloads
Help improve the integrity of your home and office networks

AMD PowerNow! Technology :-

AMD PowerNow! technology is an innovative solution that gives users longer battery life when they need it most.
AMD PowerNow! technology automatically “powers down” until more computing power is needed.
By providing performance on demand, battery life is extended and less heat is generated, resulting in a quieter-running notebook and a longer mobile computing experience.

Wireless compatibility :-

Compatible with all currently available 802.11a, b and g wireless solutions
Helps mobile PCs with integrated Wi-Fi certified WLAN technology stay connected.

AMD Digital Media XPress:-

Compatible with the largest installed base of multimedia-enhanced software, enabling stellar performance and playback quality on digital entertainment such as games, streaming video and audio, DVDs, and music

Quad-Core AMD Opteron Processor

Quad-Core AMD Opteron Processors: Uncompromised Design. Unprecedented Performance-per-Watt. Quad-Core AMD Opteron processors with Direct Connect Architecture deliver outstanding performance within a consistent footprint and thermal envelope.

Investment Protection:-

By leveraging AMD’s Common Core Strategy and Same Socket Technology, Quad-Core AMD Opteron processors are designed to minimize changes to your software and data center infrastructure to protect your IT investment and simplify IT management.

AMD plans include a stable consistent roadmap and well-timed transitions to help decrease your IT TCO.

Outstanding Performance:-

Quad-Core AMD Opteron processors are designed for optimum multi-threaded application performance. We start with a native quad-core design – featuring four cores on a single die for more efficient data sharing – and add an enhanced cache structure and integrated memory controller designed to sustain multi-threaded application throughput. Quad-Core AMD Opteron processors provide outstanding processing power and can increase performance-per-watt to improve IT responsiveness while maintaining costs.

AMD Opteron processors enable stable, long-term solutions with outstanding performance and industry-leading performance-per-watt to simplify your IT management – now and in the future.


Enhanced Power Efficiency:-

Quad-Core AMD Opteron processors are the most power efficient server CPUs we’ve ever produced, thanks to Enhanced AMD PowerNow! technology and the addition of innovative AMD CoolCore Technology. These innovations are designed to reduce total cost of ownership (TCO), data center power needs, and cooling costs by lowering the energy consumption of your IT infrastructure.

Optimal Virtualization:-

Quad-Core AMD Opteron processors with Direct Connect Architecture enable industry leading virtualization platform efficiency. Featuring AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) technology with Rapid Virtualization Indexing, Quad-Core AMD Opteron processors can accelerate the performance of virtualized applications and improve efficiency of switching among virtual machines – so customers can host more virtual machines and users per system to maximize the consolidation and power saving benefits of virtualization.

Second-Generation AMD Opteron

Second-Generation AMD Opteron Processor Benefits :-

Second-Generation AMD Opteron processors with DDR2 memory extend the industry-leading performance trajectory established by first-generation AMD Opteron processors while offering a seamless upgrade path to quad-core performance and leading-edge solutions to help run your business applications.

AMD Opteron processors feature a Common Core Architecture that is consistent across 1-way, 2-way, 4-way, and 8-way systems and is also consistent with previous AMD Opteron processors, helping minimize the cost of transition and maximize past investments in software optimization.

AMD64 technology :-

Runs existing installed base of 32-bit applications and operating systems at peak performance, while providing a 64-bit capable migration path
Designed to enable 64-bit computing while remaining compatible with the vast x86 software infrastructure
Enables a single architecture across 32- and 64-bit environments

Direct Connect Architecture :-

AMD’s revolutionary Direct Connect Architecture helps eliminate the bottlenecks inherent in traditional front-side bus architectures
Direct Connect Architecture connects the processors, integrated memory controller, and I/O directly to the CPU and communicates at CPU speed
HyperTransport technology provides a scalable bandwidth interconnect between processors, I/O subsystems, and other chipsets, with up to three coherent HyperTransport technology links providing up to 24.0 GB/s peak bandwidth per processor
Integrated Memory Controller on-die DDR2 DRAM memory controller offers available memory bandwidth up to 10.7 GB/s (with DDR2-667) per processor

Quad-core upgradeability :-

AMD Opteron processors with DDR2 memory are designed to offer a seamless upgrade path from dual-core to quad-core when they are available in 2007 in the same thermal envelope to help leverage existing investments
Maintain the same platform at the same power efficiency

AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) :-

Hardware assisted AMD Virtualization and Direct Connect Architecture provide a balanced approach to help improve virtualization performance, enabling more virtual machines to run per server
AMD-V reduces overhead by selectively intercepting instructions destined for guest environments
Direct Connect Architecture helps guests run at near native speed
Virtualization-aware integrated memory controller provides efficient isolation of virtual machine memory

Enhanced performance-per watt :-

Energy-efficient DDR2 memory uses up to 30% less power than DDR1 and up to 58% less power than FBDIMM
AMD PowerNow! technology with Optimized Power Management can deliver performance on demand while minimizing power consumption
Consistent standard power roadmap with low-power options
DDR2 platforms can upgrade to quad-core AMD Opteron processors in 2007 within existing thermal bands for significantly better performance-per-watt

Saturday, July 4, 2009

Intel Centrino 2 Processor Technology For Mobile Computing

The best notebooks have Intel Centrino 2 processor technology inside:-

Intel’s NEWEST and BEST performing notebook technology includes:

Up to 50% faster performance when multitasking
Up to 2X greater range and up to 5X better wireless performance
Designed for the longest possible battery life
Up to 90% faster performance on intensive multimedia applications like HD video encoding

Unsurpassed mobile computing performance:-

Get performance that meets the processing needs of the most demanding multitasker, whether you’re editing photos, watching HD video, or gaming. With a minimum of 3MB Smart Cache and 1066MHz Front Side Bus, Intel Centrino 2 processor technology delivers performance gains of up to 50 percent. No more waiting for your notebook to catch up!

Break free with longer battery life:-

To keep you unplugged longer, we’ve incorporated Deep Power Down and other energy-efficient capabilities into Intel Centrino 2 processor technology. So you won’t need to search for power outlets at every stop along your travels.

Like you’ve never seen or heard before:-

With HD video and audio decoding, you can access and enjoy more exciting media content than ever while on-the-go.

The future of wireless today:-

Operate wireless with up to five times better wireless performance, including faster Web browsing, file transfers and rich media downloads.Go from office to park bench to cafe and back home again without missing an online minute.


Enhanced digital media experience:-

With Intel Graphics Technology, you’re choosing a smarter, integrated solution for your visual needs. You’ll experience the hottest media in razor-sharp 1080p HD with crystal-clear images and brilliant color. And you’ll enjoy more than three times better graphics performance for a rich, realistic and immersive experience while you’re gaming or watching video.

Go thinner and lighter and still enjoy every feature of a standard size Intel Centrino 2-based notebook.:-

Intel helps puts lighter, sleeker notebooks at your fingertips. How? By making their powerful Intel Centrino 2 processor technology 50 percent smaller. So go thin and unplug with Intel’s smallest Centrino 2 processor technology.

Intel® 186 Processors

Intel modularized the core architecture of the Intel 186 in order to better provide expandable peripheral functionality. The 186 Ex family is based on an improved, static, 1 micron design. All of the enhanced products run at 25 MHz. In addition, the 80C186Ex/C188Ex processors have a common set of base peripherals beneficial to many embedded applications. The Ex processors all support a standard numeric interface, an interrupt control unit, a chip-select unit, a DRAM refresh control unit, a power management unit, and three 16-bit timer/counters.

The 186 Ex family was designed with a number of objectives, the most important being high integration, low power consumption and a small form factor. The first objective is met by offering different Ex family members with varied peripheral sets. The variety of peripheral combinations available allows a designer to choose a "best fit" for their application. The second objective, low power, is met by offering a fully static device that operates down to 2.9-3.0 volts. The final objective, small form factor, is addressed by the Shrink Quad Flat Pack (SQFP) package.

The idle mode allows the device to shut off the CPU clock, leaving all integrated peripherals active. Idle mode lowers processor current consumption by approximately 40 percent. Powerdown mode goes a step further, the clock input to the entire processor is disabled reducing device current consumption to transistor leakage (microamps).

Low voltage operation offers numerous benefits to the system designer such as decreased power consumption, less heat generation and less noise. The 13 MHz version of the 186 Ex processors are available in 3.3V versions which operate down to 2.9 volts. The 16 MHz versions as well operate at 3.3V down to 2.9 volts. The combination of power management functionality and optional low voltage operation make the 186 Ex family processors ideal for power sensitive applications.

The small form factor is a major benefit of the SQFP package. The small package allows high integration while using minimal area. Another benefit inherent in smaller packages is reduced noise. The device lead frame that carries signals from the die to the package pins is smaller in the SQFP than it is in packages like QFP or PLCC. The decreased lead frame size decreases noise amplitude on outputs. The decreased inductance resulting from the small package and the elimination of a device socket reduce output noise. Lastly, combining the SQFP package and integration of the 186 Ex processors with low voltage operation offers an ideal solution for portable, low power, battery operated applications.

i960 Processors

Intel's i960 processors offer a broad line-up of code-compatible products for fast time-to-market in networking and imaging applications. The i960 architecture family consists of high-performance, 32-bit embedded RISC processors supported by an outstanding selection of development tools.

The entire line is code-compatible offering a wide range of performance options, giving developers an easy migration path while preserving investments in existing hardware and software. It is a time-proven and excellent choice for local and wide-area networking, telecom and imaging applications.

The i960 processor family is supported by a comprehensive tools support program. There are many development tools available from third party vendors, including emulators, assemblers, compilers, OS, evaluation boards, debuggers (gdb960) and more. Third party vendors also offer PCI and system controller interface chips that optimize applications using i960 processors.Intel's i960 processors offer a broad line-up of code-compatible products for fast time-to-market in networking and imaging applications. The i960 architecture family consists of high-performance, 32-bit embedded RISC processors supported by an outstanding selection of development tools.
The entire line is code-compatible offering a wide range of performance options, giving developers an easy migration path while preserving investments in existing hardware and software. It is a time-proven and excellent choice for local and wide-area networking, telecom and imaging applications.

The i960 processor family is supported by a comprehensive tools support program. There are many development tools available from third party vendors, including emulators, assemblers, compilers, OS, evaluation boards, debuggers (gdb960) and more. Third party vendors also offer PCI and system controller interface chips that optimize applications using i960 processors.

Intel Celeron M Processors

The Intel Celeron M processor family is the next generation of mobile value processors, providing exceptional performance and value combined with low power for thermally sensitive embedded and communications applications. These processors offer ideal solutions for small-to-medium business and enterprise communications, storage appliances, and value-oriented embedded devices like Point Of Sale, kiosks and ATMs.

This document is the Specification Update to the Intel Celeron M Processor Datasheet, Intel Celeron M Processor on 90 nm Process Datasheet and Intel Celeron M Processor on 65 nm Process Datasheet. It is intended for hardware system manufacturers and software developers of applications, operating systems, or tools. Specification Updates contains specification changes, S-specs, errata, specification clarifications, and documentation changes. The Intel Celeron M processor on 90 nm process and Intel Celeron M processor on 65 nm process may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request.

Thursday, July 2, 2009

Intel 8008 microprocessor



The 8008 was the first 8-bit microprocessor. The 8008 was originally code named the 1201. The Intel 8008 was a microprocessor designed for use as a terminal controller for Control Terminal Corporation (CTC). The 8008 was to be single chip version of CTC's CPU design, which was to be implemented as TTL logic chips. Work began on the 8008 before the 4004 and had circumstances been different the 8008 could have been the first microprocessor and not the 4004. The 8008 is architecturally very different than the 4004.

The 8008 was a very important transition CPU for Intel. The work on the 8008 enabled the creation of the powerful 8080 (which included the 8008 instruction set).
The 8008 family is also referred to as the MCS-8.

8008 was produce in April,1972.

Features:--

8-bit data word
16KB of address space
Instuction set of 48
register index are 6 each 8-bit
clock speed of 800KHz

Intel Core i7 Processor Extreme Edition





IThis is the fastest performing processor in the world of extreme gaming.It delivers an incredible breakthrough in the performance of gaming.The multitsking will be 25 percent faster whereas video encoding is 79 percent faster and upto 46 percent faster image rendering.This employs two technologies Intel Turbo Boost technology and Intel Hyper-Threading technology which are used for maximising the speed of demanding applications and enabling the highly threaded applications to get the work done in parallel.

Intel Core i7 Processor



these processors also provides multitasking and faster performance and unleashes the incredible didgital media creation.These processor are parents to the core i7 extreme edition processors.These also employs turbo boost and HT technologies.
Features
* 2.93 GHz and 2.66 GHz core speed
* 8 MB of Intel Smart Cache
* 8 processing threads with Intel HT technology
* 3 Channels of DDR3
There are 2 intel i7 processors namely i7-940 and i7-920 which employs a 45nm technology

Wednesday, July 1, 2009

i960 Processors

Intel's i960 processors offer a broad line-up of code-compatible products for fast time-to-market in networking and imaging applications. The i960 architecture family consists of high-performance, 32-bit embedded RISC processors supported by an outstanding selection of development tools.

The entire line is code-compatible offering a wide range of performance options, giving developers an easy migration path while preserving investments in existing hardware and software. It is a time-proven and excellent choice for local and wide-area networking, telecom and imaging applications.

The i960 processor family is supported by a comprehensive tools support program. There are many development tools available from third party vendors, including emulators, assemblers, compilers, OS, evaluation boards, debuggers (gdb960) and more. Third party vendors also offer PCI and system controller interface chips that optimize applications using i960 processors.Intel's i960 processors offer a broad line-up of code-compatible products for fast time-to-market in networking and imaging applications. The i960 architecture family consists of high-performance, 32-bit embedded RISC processors supported by an outstanding selection of development tools.
The entire line is code-compatible offering a wide range of performance options, giving developers an easy migration path while preserving investments in existing hardware and software. It is a time-proven and excellent choice for local and wide-area networking, telecom and imaging applications.

The i960 processor family is supported by a comprehensive tools support program. There are many development tools available from third party vendors, including emulators, assemblers, compilers, OS, evaluation boards, debuggers (gdb960) and more. Third party vendors also offer PCI and system controller interface chips that optimize applications using i960 processors.

Intel Pentium Processors with MMX Technology

From point-of-sale (POS) terminals and retail kiosks to advanced networking equipment, Pentium processors with MMX technology enable developers of embedded systems to step up to new levels of performance. To make these designs even easier and more flexible, Intel is making the performance advantages of MMX technology available at a choice of integration levels.

Related Platforms

Interactive Clients

The upgrade path for embedded Intel architecture includes longer life cycle support for the 200 MHz and 233 MHz Pentium processors with MMX technology.
Intel offers 166 MHz and 266 MHz Low-power Pentium processors with MMX technology. Both are available in thin HL-PBGA packaging, as well as PPGA packaging. The 166 MHz Pentium processor is also available in extended temperature range -40ºC to +115ºC.
Also, the Intel 430TX PCIset now supports synchronous DRAM [SDRAM] in embedded applications.

Product Highlights:-
166, 200, 233, 266 MHz
430TX PCIset
HL-PBGA, PPGA
Extended temp

New Design Options:-

Together the Pentium processor with MMX technology and the 430TX PCIset provides developers with flexible new options to create value-added embedded designs and upgrade existing products to new levels of performance. Regardless of which design path a developer may select, the Pentium processor with MMX technology offers performance enhancements that can be especially valuable in today's most competitive embedded application segments--including "intelligent" POS terminals, telecommunications equipment, networking devices and high-performance industrial computers.

Improve Processor Performance 10-20 Percent:-

Pentium processors with MMX technology can provide a 10 to 20 percent performance boost over classic Pentium processors at the same frequency. In addition, the MMX technology versions of the processor double on-chip code and data caches to 16 Kbytes and feature improved branch prediction, an enhanced pipeline and deeper write buffers for improved performance.

Advantages of Intel MMX Technology:-

MMX technology provides 57 new instruction sets to improve processor performance in traditional digital signal processor [DSP] applications, including the graphics, audio and voice processing capabilities now emerging as value-added features in high-performance embedded products. MMX technology can potentially eliminate the requirement for DSP chips in embedded applications such as video kiosks, telecommunications devices and POS terminals.

Intel Architecture Upgrade Path:-

"The Pentium processor with MMX technology offers developers the advantages of Intel's stable, long-term processor architecture, together with strong tools support, a robust development environment and a clearly defined upgrade path," notes Tom Franz, general manager of Intel's Embedded Microprocessor Division.

If the flexible motherboard guidelines for split voltages were followed on the original design, Pentium Processors with MMX technology offer pin-compatibility, and a high degree of code-compatibility, with the classic Pentium processors. These compatibility features offer developers a smooth extended upgrade path from existing Intel architecture designs, together with a way to quickly add higher performance with minimal development overhead.

430TX PCIset Adds New Performance:-

The Intel 430TX PCIset supports synchronous DRAM [SDRAM] in embedded applications. The chipset's Ultra DMA capability allows faster downloading of larger data files in applications such as POS and industrial computers along with Concurrent PCI for smoother video and audio performance.

The 430TX PCIset is also available in extended temperatures at -40°C to +85°C degrees ambient. The extended temperature Pentium processor with MMX technology, along with the extended temperature 430TX PCIset, enables an optimized solution for embedded applications.

Intel Celeron Processor 440

The Intel Celeron processor 440 balances proven technology with exceptional value for embedded computing designs such as print imaging, gaming, interactive clients, and industrial automation. Featuring Intel Intelligent Power Capability, it supports smaller, quieter, more energy-efficient embedded systems with improved performance over previous Intel Celeron processors.

Manufactured on 65nm process technology, the Intel Celeron processor 440 at 2.0 GHz offers 512 KB of L2 cache with a thermal design power (TDP) of 35 watts. Based on a new energy-efficient microarchitecture, this Celeron processor enables smaller and quieter embedded designs. It features Execute Disable Bit (for built-in security support) as well as Intel 64 architecture (Intel 64), enabling applications to access larger amounts of memory when used with appropriate 64-bit supporting hardware and software.

The Intel Celeron processor 440 is available in an LGA-775 package with integrated heat spreader. When combined with the Intel Q45 Express Chipset, Intel Q35 Express Chipset, Intel Q965 Express Chipset or Intel 3210 Chipset, the platform provides exceptional value with mid-range performance and reduced power.
Product information

Features and benefits:-

800 MHz front-side bus Provides accelerated access to data from the processor core.
Intel Wide Dynamic Execution Improves execution speed and efficiency, delivering more instructions per clock cycle.

Intel Smart Memory Access :-

Optimizes use of data bandwidth from the memory subsystem to accelerate out-of-order execution, keeping the pipeline full while improving instruction throughput and performance. Newly designed prediction mechanism reduces the time in-flight instructions must wait for data. Pre-fetch algorithms move data from system memory into fast L2 cache in advance of execution.

Intel Advanced Digital Media Boost :-

Accelerates execution of Streaming SIMD Extension (SSE/2/3) instructions to significantly improve media boost performance on a broad range of applications. 128-bit SSE instructions are issued at a throughput rate of one/clock cycle, effectively doubling speed of execution over previous-generation processors.
Execute Disable Bit° Enhances virus protection when deployed with supported operating system. Allows memory to be marked as executable or non-executable, allowing the processor to raise an error to the operating system, thereby preventing malicious code from infecting the system.

Intel 64 Architecture (Intel 64) Enables access to larger amounts of memory and provides flexibility for 32-bit and 64-bit applications. With appropriate supporting hardware and software, platforms supporting 64-bit computing can use extended virtual and physical memory

Intel Pentium M Processor

The Intel Pentium M processor utilizes a new microarchitecture to meet the current and future demands of high-performance, low-power embedded computing, making it ideal for medium-to-large enterprise communications applications, transaction terminal, interactive client, and industrial automation applications. While incorporating advanced processor technology, it remains software-compatible with previous members of the Intel microprocessor family.

The Intel Pentium M Processor on 0.13u process technology is validated with the Intel E7501 and Intel 855GME chipsets. The Intel Pentium M Processor on 90nm process technology is validated with the Intel E7501, 855GME, E7520, E7320 chipsets, Mobile Intel 915GME Express Chipset and Intel 3100 (see table for details). These unique platform combinations help address a variety of customer requirements.